https://www.humanreligions.info/1_timothy.html
By Vexen Crabtree 2012
Included as holy:
Protestant Bibles
Title: 1 Timothy
Section: New Testament
Prev: 2 Thessalonians
Next: 2 Timothy
Catholic Bible
Title: 1 Timothy
Section: New Testament
Prev: 2 Thessalonians
Next: 2 Timothy
Eastern Orthodox Bibles
Title: 1 Timothy
Section: New Testament
Prev: 2 Thessalonians
Next: 2 Timothy
Rejected by:
Jewish Tanakh
The three pastoral epistles (letters) of St Paul are 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy and Titus. Although they have been included in the New Testament canon since the 4th century, their authenticity has been heavily disputed. Scholars and Christian theologians are sure that all three are forgeries1,2,3,4,5, probably all forged by the same person2,3, a long time after St Paul's death6. The pastorals do not appear in the early collections of epistles of St Paul7 nor are they even mentioned until Irenaeus (~190CE)3 and Eusebius, the great Christian historian of the 4th century, still does not include 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy and Titus in his Bible3.
Paul left Timothy in charge of a Christian community in the small city of Ephesus. The two letters to Timothy include personal commentary plus advice on how to run the group. The author tells Timothy to enforce proper doctrine as many Christians did not believe what the author wanted them to. He instructs that Godliness is better than materialism.
#bible #christianity #epilepsy #gnosticism #mithraism #new_testament #paul
13 of the books of the Christian New Testament are the epistles (letters) of St. Paul, which form the oldest text in the New Testament8. Seven were probably written by Paul himself and six others have been written in his name by (anonymous) followers, some up to 80 years after his death. By the time the official Bible canon was produced, no-one knew that only some were genuine. The historical Paul probably did write 1 Thessalonians, Galatians, 1 Corinthians and 2 Corinthians, Philippians, Philemon and Romans. Letters forged in the name of Paul are 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus, Ephesians, Colossians and 2 Thessalonians.1,2,9,4. Paul was born in Tarsus as "Saul" and adopted the name of Paul after converting to what is now Christianity. He was an early leader of the growing Christian churches around the Roman Empire, and the writings of St. Paul are the earliest existing Christian writings known to historians. Despite this, Paul never met Jesus and appears to rely mostly on Greek myths and legends, many of which he copied, placing Jesus at the center of them instead of their original heroes.
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#bible #christianity #new_testament #paul
The authenticity of 1 Timothy has been heavily disputed ever since it first appeared, in the 2nd century. Academics and mainstream Christian theologians are sure it is a forgery1,2,3,4,5 - it was not written by St Paul but by a Church activist who was campaigning against gnostic, docetic or Marcionite Christianity. It was written a long time after St Paul's death6 and it doesn't appear in the early (or middle-period) collections of epistles of St Paul, such as those collected in Alexandria7. It isn't mentioned until nearly the third century, by Irenaeus in around 190CE3. Eusebius, the great Christian historian of the 4th century, still does not include 1 Timothy in his Bible3. Despite this, it was found to be very useful to those who were compiling the official New Testament in their arguments against competing forms of Christianity, and so with the power of the Roman Emperor behind them, 1 Timothy was made into an official New Testament entry, and is included in all modern Bibles.
The pastoral epistles 'were the first books of Paul that, in the history of modern scholarship, were extensively argued to be forgeries'11 starting with Friedrich Schleiermacher in 1807. The books share peculiar and specific sentences and phrases that are not found in any of Paul's other letters - 'in 1921 British scholar A. N. Harrison [produced] numerous statistics about the word usage in these writings [and] over a third of them... do not occur in any of the Pauline letters of the New Testament. [... The] author is using a vocabulary that was becoming more common after the days of Paul, and that he therefore lived after Paul'12. Further analysis shows that words such as 'faith' and 'righteousness' are used different in the Pastoral Epistles to other Pauline books (i.e. in 'Titus)13. Other concepts of the Pastoral Epistles do not mesh well with Paul's actual teachings, especially where he insists that the leaders of the church are married, whereas in '1 Paul dissuades people from marrying (because the end is near)14. The social structure and organisation of the Church is much more developed in the Pastoral Letters than with Paul's writings15; the letter suits the 2nd century far more than the 1st. So, for all these reasons, the Pastoral Epistles of 1 and 2 Timothy and Titus, are known to be forgeries in the name of Paul.
“Schleiermacher argued that 1 Timothy used words and developed ideas that were at odds with those in the other letters of Paul [and] the false teachings attacked in the letter do not sound like anything we know about from Paul's day. Instead, they sound like heresies of the of the second century [in particular] the 'myths and genealogies'.”
| KJV | YLT | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the commandment of God our Saviour, and Lord Jesus Christ, which is our hope; | Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ, according to a command of God our Saviour, and of the Lord Jesus Christ our hope, | 1 Timothy 1:4 appears on The Gospel According to Saint Luke: 4.0. Luke 3 (38 verses) 1 Timothy 1:4 is referenced on The Gospel According to Saint Matthew: 8.0. Matthew 1 (25 verses) - Ancestors of Jesus Christ listed; Mary pregnant by Holy Spirit; Angel appears to Joseph; Joseph marries Mary; Jesus is born 1 Timothy 1:20 appears on Satan and The Devil in World Religions: 2.3.2. God and Satan are Interchangeable 1 Timothy 1:20 comments: Iyyōbh, in the Jewish Book of Truth - Known to Christians as the Book of Job: 3. God as the Author of Evil: Are Satan and God Interchangeable? 1 Timothy 1:20 appears on Is the Christian God Evil? Evidence from Scripture and Nature: 1.2. Satan and God are Interchangeable |
| 2 | Unto Timothy, my own son in the faith: Grace, mercy, and peace, from God our Father and Jesus Christ our Lord. | to Timotheus -- genuine child in faith: Grace, kindness, peace, from God our Father, and Christ Jesus our Lord, | |
| 3 | As I besought thee to abide still at Ephesus, when I went into Macedonia, that thou mightest charge some that they teach no other doctrine, | according as I did exhort thee to remain in Ephesus -- I going on to Macedonia -- that thou mightest charge certain not to teach any other thing, | |
| 4 | Neither give heed to fables and endless genealogies, which minister questions, rather than godly edifying which is in faith: so do. | nor to give heed to fables and endless genealogies, that cause questions rather than the building up of God that is in faith: -- | |
| 5 | Now the end of the commandment is charity out of a pure heart, and of a good conscience, and of faith unfeigned: | And the end of the charge is love out of a pure heart, and of a good conscience, and of faith unfeigned, | |
| 6 | From which some having swerved have turned aside unto vain jangling; | from which certain, having swerved, did turn aside to vain discourse, | |
| 7 | Desiring to be teachers of the law; understanding neither what they say, nor whereof they affirm. | willing to be teachers of law, not understanding either the things they say, nor concerning what they asseverate, | |
| 8 | But we know that the law is good, if a man use it lawfully; | and we have known that the law `is' good, if any one may use it lawfully; | |
| 9 | Knowing this, that the law is not made for a righteous man, but for the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly and for sinners, for unholy and profane, for murderers of fathers and murderers of mothers, for manslayers, | having known this, that for a righteous man law is not set, but for lawless and insubordinate persons, ungodly and sinners, impious and profane, parricides and matricides, men-slayers, | |
| 10 | For whoremongers, for them that defile themselves with mankind, for menstealers, for liars, for perjured persons, and if there be any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine; | whoremongers, sodomites, men-stealers, liars, perjured persons, and if there be any other thing that to sound doctrine is adverse, | |
| 11 | According to the glorious gospel of the blessed God, which was committed to my trust. | according to the good news of the glory of the blessed God, with which I was entrusted. | |
| 12 | And I thank Christ Jesus our Lord, who hath enabled me, for that he counted me faithful, putting me into the ministry; | And I give thanks to him who enabled me -- Christ Jesus our Lord -- that he did reckon me stedfast, having put `me' to the ministration, | |
| 13 | Who was before a blasphemer, and a persecutor, and injurious: but I obtained mercy, because I did it ignorantly in unbelief. | who before was speaking evil, and persecuting, and insulting, but I found kindness, because, being ignorant, I did `it' in unbelief, | |
| 14 | And the grace of our Lord was exceeding abundant with faith and love which is in Christ Jesus. | and exceedingly abound did the grace of our Lord, with faith and love that `is' in Christ Jesus: | |
| 15 | This is a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners; of whom I am chief. | stedfast `is' the word, and of all acceptation worthy, that Christ Jesus came to the world to save sinners -- first of whom I am; | |
| 16 | Howbeit for this cause I obtained mercy, that in me first Jesus Christ might shew forth all longsuffering, for a pattern to them which should hereafter believe on him to life everlasting. | but because of this I found kindness, that in me first Jesus Christ might shew forth all long-suffering, for a pattern of those about to believe on him to life age-during: | |
| 17 | Now unto the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only wise God, be honour and glory for ever and ever. Amen. | and to the King of the ages, the incorruptible, invisible, only wise God, `is' honour and glory -- to the ages of the ages! Amen. | |
| 18 | This charge I commit unto thee, son Timothy, according to the prophecies which went before on thee, that thou by them mightest war a good warfare; | This charge I commit to thee, child Timotheus, according to the prophesies that went before upon thee, that thou mayest war in them the good warfare, | |
| 19 | Holding faith, and a good conscience; which some having put away concerning faith have made shipwreck: | having faith and a good conscience, which certain having thrust away, concerning the faith did make shipwreck, | |
| 20 | Of whom is Hymenaeus and Alexander; whom I have delivered unto Satan, that they may learn not to blaspheme. | of whom are Hymenaeus and Alexander, whom I did deliver to the Adversary, that they might be instructed not to speak evil. |
| KJV | YLT | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that in the latter times some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits, and doctrines of devils; | And the Spirit expressly speaketh, that in latter times shall certain fall away from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and teachings of demons, | |
| 2 | Speaking lies in hypocrisy; having their conscience seared with a hot iron; | in hypocrisy speaking lies, being seared in their own conscience, | |
| 3 | Forbidding to marry, and commanding to abstain from meats, which God hath created to be received with thanksgiving of them which believe and know the truth. | forbidding to marry -- to abstain from meats that God created to be received with thanksgiving by those believing and acknowledging the truth, | |
| 4 | For every creature of God is good, and nothing to be refused, if it be received with thanksgiving: | because every creature of God `is' good, and nothing `is' to be rejected, with thanksgiving being received, | |
| 5 | For it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer. | for it is sanctified through the word of God and intercession. | |
| 6 | If thou put the brethren in remembrance of these things, thou shalt be a good minister of Jesus Christ, nourished up in the words of faith and of good doctrine, whereunto thou hast attained. | These things placing before the brethren, thou shalt be a good ministrant of Jesus Christ, being nourished by the words of the faith, and of the good teaching, which thou didst follow after, | |
| 7 | But refuse profane and old wives' fables, and exercise thyself rather unto godliness. | and the profane and old women's fables reject thou, and exercise thyself unto piety, | |
| 8 | For bodily exercise profiteth little: but godliness is profitable unto all things, having promise of the life that now is, and of that which is to come. | for the bodily exercise is unto little profit, and the piety is to all things profitable, a promise having of the life that now is, and of that which is coming; | |
| 9 | This is a faithful saying and worthy of all acceptation. | stedfast `is' the word, and of all acceptation worthy; | |
| 10 | For therefore we both labour and suffer reproach, because we trust in the living God, who is the Saviour of all men, specially of those that believe. | for for this we both labour and are reproached, because we hope on the living God, who is Saviour of all men -- especially of those believing. | |
| 11 | These things command and teach. | Charge these things, and teach; | |
| 12 | Let no man despise thy youth; but be thou an example of the believers, in word, in conversation, in charity, in spirit, in faith, in purity. | let no one despise thy youth, but a pattern become thou of those believing in word, in behaviour, in love, in spirit, in faith, in purity; | |
| 13 | Till I come, give attendance to reading, to exhortation, to doctrine. | till I come, give heed to the reading, to the exhortation, to the teaching; | |
| 14 | Neglect not the gift that is in thee, which was given thee by prophecy, with the laying on of the hands of the presbytery. | be not careless of the gift in thee, that was given thee through prophecy, with laying on of the hands of the eldership; | |
| 15 | Meditate upon these things; give thyself wholly to them; that thy profiting may appear to all. | of these things be careful; in these things be, that thy advancement may be manifest in all things; | |
| 16 | Take heed unto thyself, and unto the doctrine; continue in them: for in doing this thou shalt both save thyself, and them that hear thee. | take heed to thyself, and to the teaching; remain in them, for this thing doing, both thyself thou shalt save, and those hearing thee. |
| KJV | YLT | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rebuke not an elder, but intreat him as a father; and the younger men as brethren; | An aged person thou mayest not rebuke, but be entreating as a father; younger persons as brethren; | 1 Timothy 5:4 appears on Christian Moral Theory and Morality in Action: Biblical Morals and Social Disaster: 4.4. The Good Some comments on 1 Timothy 5:11-12 are on Christianity and Women: Biblical Misogyny and Male Dominance: 1.2. The Epistles of St Paul: Women are to Submit, to be Quiet, to Stay at Home 1 Timothy 5:11-12 is discussed on St Paul - History, Biblical Epistles, Gnosticism and Mithraism: 6. Women are to Submit, to be Quiet, to Stay at Home |
| 2 | The elder women as mothers; the younger as sisters, with all purity. | aged women as mothers, younger ones as sisters -- in all purity; | |
| 3 | Honour widows that are widows indeed. | honour widows who are really widows; | |
| 4 | But if any widow have children or nephews, let them learn first to shew piety at home, and to requite their parents: for that is good and acceptable before God. | and if any widow have children or grandchildren, let them learn first to their own house to show piety, and to give back a recompense to the parents, for this is right and acceptable before God. | |
| 5 | Now she that is a widow indeed, and desolate, trusteth in God, and continueth in supplications and prayers night and day. | And she who is really a widow and desolate, hath hoped upon God, and doth remain in the supplications and in the prayers night and day, | |
| 6 | But she that liveth in pleasure is dead while she liveth. | and she who is given to luxury, living -- hath died; | |
| 7 | And these things give in charge, that they may be blameless. | and these things charge, that they may be blameless; | |
| 8 | But if any provide not for his own, and specially for those of his own house, he hath denied the faith, and is worse than an infidel. | and if any one for his own -- and especially for those of the household -- doth not provide, the faith he hath denied, and than an unbeliever he is worse. | |
| 9 | Let not a widow be taken into the number under threescore years old, having been the wife of one man. | A widow -- let her not be enrolled under sixty years of age, having been a wife of one husband, | |
| 10 | Well reported of for good works; if she have brought up children, if she have lodged strangers, if she have washed the saints' feet, if she have relieved the afflicted, if she have diligently followed every good work. | in good works being testified to: if she brought up children, if she entertained strangers, if saints' feet she washed, if those in tribulation she relieved, if every good work she followed after; | |
| 11 | But the younger widows refuse: for when they have begun to wax wanton against Christ, they will marry; | and younger widows be refusing, for when they may revel against the Christ, they wish to marry, | |
| 12 | Having damnation, because they have cast off their first faith. | having judgment, because the first faith they did cast away, | |
| 13 | And withal they learn to be idle, wandering about from house to house; and not only idle, but tattlers also and busybodies, speaking things which they ought not. | and at the same time also, they learn `to be' idle, going about the houses; and not only idle, but also tattlers and busybodies, speaking the things they ought not; | |
| 14 | I will therefore that the younger women marry, bear children, guide the house, give none occasion to the adversary to speak reproachfully. | I wish, therefore, younger ones to marry, to bear children, to be mistress of the house, to give no occasion to the opposer to reviling; | |
| 15 | For some are already turned aside after Satan. | for already certain did turn aside after the Adversary. | |
| 16 | If any man or woman that believeth have widows, let them relieve them, and let not the church be charged; that it may relieve them that are widows indeed. | If any believing man or believing woman have widows, let them relieve them, and let not the assembly be burdened, that those really widows it may relieve. | |
| 17 | Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honour, especially they who labour in the word and doctrine. | The well-leading elders of double honour let them be counted worthy, especially those labouring in word and teaching, | |
| 18 | For the scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn. And, The labourer is worthy of his reward. | for the Writing saith, `An ox treading out thou shalt not muzzle,' and `Worthy `is' the workman of his reward.' | |
| 19 | Against an elder receive not an accusation, but before two or three witnesses. | Against an elder an accusation receive not, except upon two or three witnesses. | |
| 20 | Them that sin rebuke before all, that others also may fear. | Those sinning, reprove before all, that the others also may have fear; | |
| 21 | I charge thee before God, and the Lord Jesus Christ, and the elect angels, that thou observe these things without preferring one before another, doing nothing by partiality. | I testify fully, before God and the Lord Jesus Christ, and the choice messengers, that these things thou mayest keep, without forejudging, doing nothing by partiality. | |
| 22 | Lay hands suddenly on no man, neither be partaker of other men's sins: keep thyself pure. | Be laying hands quickly on no one, nor be having fellowship with sins of others; be keeping thyself pure; | |
| 23 | Drink no longer water, but use a little wine for thy stomach's sake and thine often infirmities. | no longer be drinking water, but a little wine be using, because of thy stomach and of thine often infirmities; | |
| 24 | Some men's sins are open beforehand, going before to judgment; and some men they follow after. | of certain men the sins are manifest beforehand, leading before to judgment, and certain also they follow after; | |
| 25 | Likewise also the good works of some are manifest beforehand; and they that are otherwise cannot be hid. | in like manner also the right works are manifest beforehand, and those that are otherwise are not able to be hid. |
| KJV | YLT | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Let as many servants as are under the yoke count their own masters worthy of all honour, that the name of God and his doctrine be not blasphemed. | As many as are servants under a yoke, their own masters worthy of all honour let them reckon, that the name of God and the teaching may not be evil spoken of; | 1 Timothy 6:1-2 comments: Religion and Abolition of the Historical Slave Trade: 3.4. The New Testament 1 Timothy 6:1-2: Christian Moral Theory and Morality in Action: Biblical Morals and Social Disaster: 6.5.2. The New Testament 1 Timothy 6:12-16 is discussed on What Do Religions Say About Souls?: 2.3.1. No Souls, Only Physical Resurrection |
| 2 | And they that have believing masters, let them not despise them, because they are brethren; but rather do them service, because they are faithful and beloved, partakers of the benefit. These things teach and exhort. | and those having believing masters, let them not slight `them', because they are brethren, but rather let them serve, because they are stedfast and beloved, who of the benefit are partaking. These things be teaching and exhorting; | |
| 3 | If any man teach otherwise, and consent not to wholesome words, even the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, and to the doctrine which is according to godliness; | if any one be teaching otherwise, and do not consent to sound words -- those of our Lord Jesus Christ -- and to the teaching according to piety, | |
| 4 | He is proud, knowing nothing, but doting about questions and strifes of words, whereof cometh envy, strife, railings, evil surmisings, | he is proud, knowing nothing, but doting about questions and word-striving, out of which doth come envy, strife, evil-speakings, evil-surmisings, | |
| 5 | Perverse disputings of men of corrupt minds, and destitute of the truth, supposing that gain is godliness: from such withdraw thyself. | wranglings of men wholly corrupted in mind, and destitute of the truth, supposing the piety to be gain; depart from such; | |
| 6 | But godliness with contentment is great gain. | but it is great gain -- the piety with contentment; | |
| 7 | For we brought nothing into this world, and it is certain we can carry nothing out. | for nothing did we bring into the world -- `it is' manifest that we are able to carry nothing out; | |
| 8 | And having food and raiment let us be therewith content. | but having food and raiment -- with these we shall suffice ourselves; | |
| 9 | But they that will be rich fall into temptation and a snare, and into many foolish and hurtful lusts, which drown men in destruction and perdition. | and those wishing to be rich, do fall into temptation and a snare, and many desires, foolish and hurtful, that sink men into ruin and destruction, | |
| 10 | For the love of money is the root of all evil: which while some coveted after, they have erred from the faith, and pierced themselves through with many sorrows. | for a root of all the evils is the love of money, which certain longing for did go astray from the faith, and themselves did pierce through with many sorrows; | |
| 11 | But thou, O man of God, flee these things; and follow after righteousness, godliness, faith, love, patience, meekness. | and thou, O man of God, these things flee, and pursue righteousness, piety, faith, love, endurance, meekness; | |
| 12 | Fight the good fight of faith, lay hold on eternal life, whereunto thou art also called, and hast professed a good profession before many witnesses. | be striving the good strife of the faith, be laying hold on the life age-during, to which also thou wast called, and didst profess the right profession before many witnesses. | |
| 13 | I give thee charge in the sight of God, who quickeneth all things, and before Christ Jesus, who before Pontius Pilate witnessed a good confession; | I charge thee, before God, who is making all things alive, and of Christ Jesus, who did testify before Pontius Pilate the right profession, | |
| 14 | That thou keep this commandment without spot, unrebukable, until the appearing of our Lord Jesus Christ: | that thou keep the command unspotted, unblameable, till the manifestation of our Lord Jesus Christ, | |
| 15 | Which in his times he shall shew, who is the blessed and only Potentate, the King of kings, and Lord of lords; | which in His own times He shall shew -- the blessed and only potentate, the King of the kings and Lord of the lords, | |
| 16 | Who only hath immortality, dwelling in the light which no man can approach unto; whom no man hath seen, nor can see: to whom be honour and power everlasting. Amen. | who only is having immortality, dwelling in light unapproachable, whom no one of men did see, nor is able to see, to whom `is' honour and might age-during! Amen. | |
| 17 | Charge them that are rich in this world, that they be not highminded, nor trust in uncertain riches, but in the living God, who giveth us richly all things to enjoy; | Those rich in the present age charge thou not to be high-minded, nor to hope in the uncertainty of riches, but in the living God, who is giving to us all things richly for enjoyment; -- | |
| 18 | That they do good, that they be rich in good works, ready to distribute, willing to communicate; | to do good, to be rich in good works, to be ready to impart, willing to communicate, | |
| 19 | Laying up in store for themselves a good foundation against the time to come, that they may lay hold on eternal life. | treasuring up to themselves a right foundation for the time to come, that they may lay hold on the life age-during. | |
| 20 | O Timothy, keep that which is committed to thy trust, avoiding profane and vain babblings, and oppositions of science falsely so called: | O Timotheus, the thing entrusted guard thou, avoiding the profane vain-words and opposition of the falsely-named knowledge, | |
| 21 | Which some professing have erred concerning the faith. Grace be with thee. Amen. | which certain professing -- concerning the faith did swerve; the grace `is' with you. Amen. |